Universiti Tertua di Dunia...

Senarai Universiti Tertua Di Dunia.

Ramai yg terkeliru ttg universiti manakah yg tertua di dunia, ada yg mengatakan universiti Al-Azhar di Mesir. Saya juga pernah berpandangan begitu. Tetapi ternyata ia meleset kerana masih ada universiti yg lebih tua daripada universiti Al-Azhar...

                                            Universiti Al-Qarawiyyin, Fes, Morocco

Semoga senarai ini memberi satu maklumat baru kepada anda sekalian, dan juga membetulkan persepsi @ maklumat sesetengah pihak.

List of oldest universities in continuous operation – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Year	Current Location	Name	Other notes
859	Fes,Morocco	University of Al-Karaouine1 (Arabic: جامعة القرويين)	Recognised by the Guinness Book of World Records as the world’s oldest continuously-operating, degree-granting university.[3]
975	Cairo,Egypt	Al-Azhar University1 (Arabic: الأزهر الشريف)	A degree-granting Jam’iah (“university” in Arabic)[1] with individual faculties[4] for a Madrasah and theological seminary,Islamic law and jurisprudence, Arabic grammar, Islamic astronomy, early Islamic philosophy, and logic in Islamic philosophy.[1]
1088	Bologna,Italy	University of Bologna
1150	Paris,France	University of Paris	Exact date uncertain, founded before 1150. Teaching suspended in 1229. Split into 13 universities in 1970.
1167	Oxford,England	University of Oxford	Exact date uncertain, founded before 1167 (teaching existed since 1096). Teaching suspended in 1209 (due to town execution of two scholars) and 1355 (due to the St. Scholastica riot)
1175	Modena,Italy	University of Modena and Reggio Emilia	Due to the fact that it grew around the historical “Studium mutinensis” (Modena’s studies)
1209	Cambridge,England	University of Cambridge
1218	Salamanca,Spain	University of Salamanca
1220	Montpellier,France	University of Montpellier	The university was closed in 1793 due to the French Revolution, and its faculties reintegrated under the Imperial University of France in 1808.
1222	Padua,Italy	University of Padua	Suspended in 1237-61, 1509-17, 1848-50.
1224	Naples,Italy	University of Naples Federico II	Closed in 1435-51, 1451-65, 1474-78, 1480-87, 1496-1507, 1527-29, 1531, 1547, 1562, 1585, etc.[5]
1229	Toulouse,France	University of Toulouse	Founded in 1229.[6]
1233	Baghdad,Iraq	Mustansiriya University1 (Arabic: Ø§Ù„جامعة المستنصرية)	Established by the Abbasid Caliph al-Mustansir in 1233, the college was incorporated into the Baghdad Universityin 1962.
1240	Siena,Italy	University of Siena	Closed in 1402-1404 and 1808-14.
1290	Coimbra,Portugal	University of Coimbra	Founded in Lisbon and was based there in 1290-1308, 1338-54, and 1377-1537.
1303	Rome,Italy	University of Rome La Sapienza	According to the Catholic Encyclopaedia, the university “remained closed during the entire pontificate of Clement VII“.
1306	Orl�ans, France	University of Orl�ans	1306 is the date of the official Papal Bull that gave it the title and privileges of a university ; the universit� had been founded in 1235.
1308	Perugia,Italy	University of Perugia
1321	Florence,Italy	University of Florence	moved to Pisa from 1473 to 1497 and from 1515 to 1860
1343	Pisa,Italy	University of Pisa	There is no record of the university between 1403 and 1476.
1346	Valladolid,Spain	University of Valladolid	Claims continuity with University of Palencia, founded in 1212 in Palencia [1]
1348	Prague,Czech Republic	Charles University of Prague	Three of four faculties closed in 1419, joined with Jesuit university and renamed Charles-Ferdinand U. in 1652, split into German and Czech part in 1882, Czech branch closed during Nazi occupation (1939-1945), German branch closed in 1945.
1356	Angers,France	University of Angers	Before being officially recognized in 1356, it existed as a renowned school from the 11th century.[7]
1361	Pavia,Italy	University of Pavia	Closed for short periods during the Italian Wars, Napoleonic wars, and Revolutions of 1848.
1364	Krak�w, Poland	Cracow Academy	development stalled early, re-established from 1400 onwards
1365	Vienna,Austria	University of Vienna
1386	Heidelberg,Germany	Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg	Transferred to Neustadt an der Haardt in 1576-83, suppressed between 1632 and 1652, and moved out to Frankfurt am Main and elsewhere in 1689-1700.[8]
1391	Ferrara,Italy	University of Ferrara	There was no teaching in 1794-1824 and 1848-50.[2]
1404	Turin,Italy	University of Turin	There was no university in Turin between 1536 and 1566 and during the Napoleonic occupation.
1409	Leipzig,Germany	University of Leipzig	Founded when German-speaking staff left Prague due to the Jan Hus crisis
1409	Marseille/Aix-en-Provence,France	University of Provence
1410	St. Andrews,Scotland	University of St. Andrews	Founded by a Papal Bull
1419	Rostock,Germany	University of Rostock	During the Reformation, “the Catholic university of Rostock closed altogether and the closure was long enough to make the refounded body feel a new institution”.[9]
1425	Leuven,Belgium	Catholic University of Leuven1	Transferred to Brussels in 1788, shut down by the French Republic in 1797, reopened in 1816, reorganized in 1834. Since 1968 split between the French-speakingUniversit� catholique de Louvain,Louvain-la-Neuve and the Dutch-speakingKatholieke Universiteit Leuven, still at Leuven.
1431	Poitiers,France	University of Poitiers1	The modern university in Poitiers was founded in 1896 by merging several schools. The old university was abolished during the French Revolution.
1432	Caen,France	University of Caen
1434	Catania,Italy	University of Catania
1438	Lund,Sweden	University of Lund	Originally part of Denmark prior to the Peace of Roskilde in 1658.
1441	Bordeaux,France	University of Bordeaux	Officially founded in 1441 by a Papal Bull, it was closed due to the French Revolution in 1793. The faculties of Science and of Letters were founded again in 1838, but it is not until 1896 that it recovered its official status as a university.[10]
1450	Barcelona,Spain	University of Barcelona	The University of Barcelona was closed by the Bourbon dynasty and transferred toCervera after the War of the Spanish Succession (from 1714 until 1837).
1451	Glasgow,Scotland	University of Glasgow
1453	Istanbul,Turkey	Istanbul University1	Founded as a philosophical and theological higher education institution, refounded 23 July 1846 as a Dar�lf�nun (House of Multiple Sciences), and refounded again on 1 August 1933 as a ï¿½niversitesi (Arts and Sciences University).
1456	Greifswald,Germany	University of Greifswald	Teaching existed since 1436. Closed down during the Protestant Reformation (1527-39).
1457	Freiburg,Germany	Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg	Temporarily transferred to Constance in 1686-98 and 1713-15.
1460	Basel,Switzerland	University of Basel
1460	Nantes,France	University of Nantes
1472	Munich,Germany	Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich	Founded in Ingolstadt in 1459, transferred to Landshut in 1800, moved to Munich in 1826.
1477	T�bingen,Germany	Eberhard Karls University of T�bingen
1477	Uppsala,Sweden	University of Uppsala
1479	Copenhagen,Denmark	University of Copenhagen
1495	Aberdeen,Scotland	University of Aberdeen	King’s College was founded in 1495 andMarischal College in 1593; they merged in 1860
1499	Madrid,Spain	Complutense University of Madrid	Claims continuity with Estudio de Escuelas Generales de Alcal�, founded in 1293 inAlcal� de Henares
1499	Valencia,Spain	University of Valencia

¹ – Controversial/disputed: Regarding the definition of university, which includes the ability to grant degrees in a wide range of fields, the categorization of many of the oldest learning institutions as de facto ancient universities in continuous operation could be controversial and problematic. For example, if the definition were broadened to include ancient institutions that did not originally grant degrees, were strictly religious schools for centuries or vanished without trace for long periods of time, then such categorization may agree with specific points of view which are not widely accepted.